Venoplasty of a chronic venous occlusion allowing for cardiac device lead placement: A team approach

In patients with complete venous occlusion requiring venous access for cardiac device lead placement, venous revascularization is a viable option. A percutaneous approach to venous revascularization has gained popularity. This method reduces patient exposure to more invasive therapies. In this case series, we describe two cases of a total venous occlusion that were successfully revascularized using a "wire externalization" technique. This technique requires the use of antegrade and retrograde access.